C₁₀₀H₁₅₈N₃₂O₂₂S · 2174.50 g/mol

MOTS-c

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of 12S rRNA Type-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — a discovery that fundamentally reshaped peptide research by establishing that mitochondria themselves produce signaling molecules. Preclinical research has characterized MOTS-c as a regulator of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and AMPK pathway activation. Studies in aged mice have shown effects on metabolic flexibility and physical performance that have led researchers to refer to it as an 'exercise-mimetic' peptide.